THE HARMONY 2 | PHYTOESTROGENS

What happens during menopause?

The menopause (climacteric) is the phase of a woman's life in which the hormonal changes - intended by nature - take place. The ovaries reduce their hormonal production. From a balanced, fertile state of the female sex hormones estrogen (formed before ovulation) and progesterone from the group of gestagens (formed after ovulation) through the "change" to the complete breakdown of these hormones and natural infertility in the state of menopause. This phase begins slowly on average in the late 30s and usually ends in the mid to late 50s. If the absence of menstruation was more than a year ago, menopause has definitely occurred. The duration of the menopause can be between 5 and 15 years. The entire period can be divided into three different phases:

Premenopause: decrease in hormone production, phase of gradual cessation of menstruation.

Perimenopause: Significant cycle irregularities and a greater increase in menopausal symptoms

Postmenopause: The end of the fertile phase (no more eggs maturing and no more menstruation). A new hormonal balance is established. Menopausal symptoms are reduced.

What symptoms do women have during menopause?

The majority of women in menopause have symptoms and suffer from things such as hot flushes, sweating, headaches, exhaustion, sleep disorders, loss of fluid balance, wrinkles, hair loss, dry mucous membranes (vaginal dryness), loss of sexual desire, mood swings, nervousness, irritability, accumulation of abdominal fat, possible onset of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, tiredness, lack of motivation, reduced performance, lack of concentration, urinary incontinence and depression. These symptoms can vary in severity and vary greatly from individual to individual.

However, there are also women who experience menopause relatively symptom-free and only experience a brief change.

During menopause, hormone levels fluctuate. This can lead to various complaints (see “About menopause”). With the help of “plant hormones”, hormone levels can be rebalanced.

Secondary plant substances that resemble female sex hormones are found particularly in fennel, yam, hops and pomegranate.

Since there can often be confusion about the terms, we have listed and explained the most important terms here:

• Isoflavones and lignans are secondary plant substances from the group of phytoestrogens . They are similar to the body's own hormone estrogen in structure and effect, which is why the term "plant hormones" is derived from them.
• Flavones are the higher group of flavonoids and also belong to the group of phytoestrogens. These are secondary plant substances that are also similar to the body's own hormone estrogen in structure and effect, but to a lesser extent. In addition to antioxidant properties that can protect the human body from free radicals, they are also said to have the properties of being able to reduce the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease and cholesterol, and can have a positive effect on the immune system.
• Diosgenin is a plant-based active ingredient and a distant precursor of the human hormone progesterone.

About Maca

Maca is also known as the "miracle tuber" from the Andes, where it is known as one of the oldest cultivated plants in Inca folk medicine. It belongs to the cruciferous family and is a good source of nutrients. It contains lots of proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, iodine, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, calcium and vitamins. Due to isoflavones (phytoestrogens), maca can be used to treat all symptoms related to female reproductive hormones. It supports hormonal imbalance and well-being. Maca is said to have a positive effect on inner restlessness, sleep disorders and hot flashes. The tuber is also said to stimulate sexual desire.

About Flaxseed

Flaxseeds are the largest source of so-called plant lignans, which are similar to female estrogen and are said to balance the estrogen levels. The lignans in flaxseeds can work in both directions, breaking down too much estrogen and supporting too little. This can reduce hormone fluctuations and the resulting symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats and mood swings. In addition, flaxseeds are rich in fiber, which is highly recommended for a high-fiber diet during this phase of life.

About Fennel

Fennel was already used as a medicinal plant in ancient times. It has many uses and is a vegetable, spice and medicinal plant all in one. In 2009 it was named medicinal plant of the year. Fennel tea is often used for flatulence and is even given to infants. Fennel seeds are used medicinally for gastrointestinal complaints, digestive problems, flatulence and a feeling of fullness. It is also used for sore throats and pharyngitis. Fennel has a high phytoestrogen content and is also free of side effects. A 2017 study showed that fennel can be used for the following menopausal symptoms: exhaustion, anxiety, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, insomnia, joint and muscle pain. An improvement was noticed after just two weeks of taking fennel. This makes fennel seeds a very attractive companion for the well-known and often very troublesome symptoms that accompany the menopause.

About Yam

The yam is a tuber that is a staple food in Africa and South America, comparable to the potato. It has a high starch content, fiber and many other valuable micronutrients, such as vitamins C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and B9, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron and copper. It also has many antioxidants and can be described as a real superfood. An important ingredient, especially with regard to the menopause, is the so-called diosgenin, a precursor of the human hormone progesterone, which counteracts estrogen dominance and regulates the unbalanced hormone balance during the menopause. Thousands of years ago, indigenous peoples used the yam to treat menstrual cramps or labor pains. The tuber also has an anti-inflammatory effect and is used for colds, inflammation, rheumatism and arthritis. Yam has an antispasmodic effect and has a positive effect on stress and inner restlessness. The high phosphorus content is important for bone strength, teeth and cells. Diosgenin also has a positive effect on memory performance.

About Passionflower

The passion flower is a flowering plant and comes from North, South and Central America. The passion flower extract inhibits inner peace, overstrained nerves and promotes better sleep. The plant is known for its anti-anxiety properties. While it has long been used as a medicinal plant in its homeland, it was also discovered as a medicinal plant in Europe in the middle of the 20th century. The passion flower contains flavonoids (secondary plant substances) belonging to the polyphenols, which have an antioxidant effect. In addition, the plant has a direct effect on a neurotransmitter in the brain that prevents restlessness and tension.

About Pomegranate

The pomegranate is also known as a symbol of fertility and has a positive effect on the body and mind, which has been proven in many studies. It contains iron, calcium, vitamins B, C and E. It is also rich in antioxidants, has anti-inflammatory properties and can have a positive effect on cardiovascular diseases. The pomegranate peel, as we use it, also contains flavonoids (polyphenols) that help lower cholesterol levels. The fruit contains isoflavones or so-called phytoestrogens (plant hormones with estrogenic effects) and is used during menopause for its hormone-regulating support. Symptoms such as hot flashes or mood swings can also be alleviated.

About Hops

Hops is a genus of plants in the hemp family and is found as a perennial in the northern hemisphere. Long before hops were used as an ingredient in beer, they were actually known as a medicinal plant. Hops have sleep-inducing and calming properties, which are very helpful for menopausal symptoms. They are rich in the bitter substances humulone and lupulone and contain flavonoids as well as a relatively large amount of isoflavones (plant hormones with estrogenic effects), also known as phytoestrogens, which can affect the female hormone balance. Flavonoids belong to the group of polyphenols (secondary plant substances) that have a positive effect on human health - they reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, have a positive effect on the immune system and are antioxidants. In addition, taking hop flower extract is said to relieve symptoms such as hot flashes. Hops are also considered to be antibacterial, appetite-stimulating and digestive.

About Vitamin B6

The entire fat metabolism, the immune system, the nervous system and the hormonal balance are controlled by vitamin B6, which also has positive effects on depression. In addition, it is

B6 is important for brain development, brain function and supports the production of serotonin, which has a positive influence on mood, sleep and well-being, especially on the topic of irritability.

Vitamin B6 contributes to:

• to normal cysteine ​​synthesis
• to a normal energy metabolism
• to normal functioning of the nervous system
• to a normal homocysteine ​​metabolism
• to normal protein and glycogen metabolism
• to normal psychological function
• to normal red blood cell formation
• to normal functioning of the immune system
• to reduce tiredness and fatigue
• to regulate hormone activity

Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency:

• skin inflammations
• fatigue
• nerve irritations

Increased vitamin B6 requirement:

• pregnancy
• breastfeeding
• high alcohol consumption
• certain medications

vitamin B12

B12 is multi-talented and performs vital body functions. It is involved in many metabolic processes, such as energy production, the formation of red blood cells, maintaining healthy nerve cells, the production of DNA and RNA, and cell division. Like B6, B12 supports the formation of serotonin, the so-called happiness hormone, which contributes to general well-being and a better mood. Both B vitamins are coordinated with each other and work best in combination.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) contributes to:

• to a normal energy metabolism
• to normal functioning of the nervous system
• to a normal homocysteine ​​metabolism
• to normal psychological function
• to normal red blood cell formation
• to normal functioning of the immune system
• to reduce tiredness and fatigue
• to normal cell division

Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency:

• anemia
• fatigue
• nerve disorders

Increased vitamin B12 requirement:

• Older people
• vegetarians / vegans
• in certain diseases

About Vitamin C

Vitamin C supports the immune system and protects cells. It also acts as an energy boost, as it counteracts tiredness and exhaustion. Important with regard to the lack of motivation and tiredness during menopause. Women in menopause have an increased need for vitamin C. Vitamin C is a kind of bouncer. It is involved in many processes in our body. The human body cannot produce vitamin C itself. Our vitamin C is from the natural extract of the acerola cherry, the third largest source of vitamin C in the world.

Vitamin C is one of the most important vitamins and contributes to:

• to normal functioning of the immune system
• to reduce fatigue, as it is necessary for the production of adrenaline
• to protect cells from oxidative stress
• to a normal energy metabolism
• to normal functioning of the nervous system
• to normal psychological function
• to improved iron absorption
• to normal collagen formation for normal function of blood vessels, bones, skin, gums, teeth and cartilage function

Increased vitamin C requirement:

• during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• with regular and heavy physical exertion, especially in colder environments
• in smokers
• in vegetarian and vegan diets
• during sporting activity

About Vitamin D3

D3, also commonly known as the sunshine vitamin, is the only vitamin that can be produced in the skin itself with the help of sunlight. Nevertheless, vitamin D3 deficiency is common in our latitudes, as around 60% of our skin surface should be exposed to sunlight for at least 15-30 minutes - ideally without sun protection. Vitamin D3 is important for strengthening a normally functioning immune system and is also recommended by the WHO* for the prevention of respiratory diseases. Dietary supplements cannot prevent COVID-19 diseases, but they can strengthen the immune system. According to a study, the mortality rate for COVID-19 diseases increases with increasing vitamin D deficiency - the mortality risk of patients with vitamin D deficiency increases 10-fold.

With regard to menopause, vitamin D3 can significantly reduce hot flashes, exhaustion, depression and vaginal dryness. It also has a positive effect on mood and well-being. As we age, women's bone strength in particular decreases. D3 is known to strengthen bone density, which is particularly important for preventing osteoporosis.

Vitamin D3 is one of the most important vitamins and contributes to:

• to a normal function of the immune system (physical defense)
• to maintain normal muscle function
• to maintain normal bones
• to normal absorption/utilization of calcium
• to maintain normal teeth
• for normal cell division
• to normal growth and development of children's bones
• to reduce the risk of falls. Falls are a risk factor for bone fractures

Increased vitamin D3 requirement:

• in children and the elderly
• in smokers

About Vitamin K2

Unfortunately, due to the falling estrogen levels, bone density is steadily decreasing. Vitamin K has a positive effect on bone health. Studies show that a vitamin K2 deficiency can lead to weaker bones and an increased risk of bone fractures. K2 prevents excess calcium deposits in the arteries and at the same time transports calcium to our bones, which is why it is so particularly valuable.

Vitamin K2 is one of the most important vitamins and contributes to:

• to normal blood clotting
• to maintain normal bones

Ingredients:

Maca root extract, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (capsule shell), flaxseed extract, acerola fruit extract, fennel seed extract, pomegranate peel extract, passionflower flower extract, yam root extract, hops flower extract, menaquinone, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, cholecalciferol, methylcobalamin.

Capsule shell: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Recommended intake:

Take one to two capsules per day with plenty of water as needed.

Notes: The recommended daily intake should not be exceeded. Food supplements are not a substitute for a balanced, varied diet and a healthy lifestyle. Keep out of the reach of small children. Store in a cool, dry place protected from light.

According to the current guidelines of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics, the intake of phytoestrogens is not recommended for women with a post-breast cancer condition.*

* https://register.awmf.org/assets/guidelines/015-062l_S3_HT_Peri-Postmenopause-Diagnostik-Interventionen_2021-01.pdf ; https://www.krebsinformationsdienst.de/fachkreise/nachrichten/2019/fk08-soja-brustkrebs-ernaehrung-phytooestrogen.php

NUTRIENT REFERENCE VALUE (NRV):

ingredients	per 1 capsule	% NRV*	% NRV ♀**	per 2 capsules	% NRV*	% NRV ♀*
vitamin D3	0.75 μg	15	4	1.5 μg	30	8
vitamin K2	11.25 μg	15	19	22.5 μg	30	38
Acerola fruit extract	60 mg	-	-	120 mg	-	-
of which vitamin C	24 mg	30	25	48 mg	60	50
vitamin B6	1.4 mg	100	100	2.8 mg	200	200
vitamin B12	0.375 μg	15	9	0.75 μg	30	18
Maca root extract	100 mg	-	-	200 mg	-	-
flaxseed extract	70 m g	-	-	140 mg	-	-
of which lignans	14 mg	-	-	28 mg	-	-
fennel seed extract	50 mg	-	-	100 mg	-	-
pomegranate peel extract	25 mg	-	-	50 mg	-	-
of which ellagic acid	10 mg	-	-	20 mg	-	-
passionflower flower extract	25 mg	-	-	50 mg	-	-
of which flavonoids	1 mg	-	-	2 mg	-	-
yam root extract	25 mg	-	-	50 mg	-	-
of which diosgenin	5 mg	-	-	10 mg	-	-
hop flower extract	20 mg	-	-	40 mg	-	-
of which flavones	0.8 mg	-	-	1.6 mg	-	-

*Reference quantity according to Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011

**Reference amount for women according to DGE (= German Nutrition Society)

Average nutritional values:	per 1 capsule	per 2 capsules	per 100 g
calorific value	4 kJ 1 kcal	7 kJ 2 kcal	796 kJ 192 kcal
Fat hereof: saturated fatty acids	< 0.5 g 0 g	< 0.5 g 0 g	1.8 g 0 g
carbohydrates of which sugar	< 0.5 g < 0.5 g	< 0.5 g < 0.5 g	33 g < 0.5 g
protein	< 0.5 g	< 0.5 g	2.2 g
Salt	0 g	0 g	0 g